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Keywords: wet granulation, end-point determination, dimensional analysis, scale-up, instrumentation, torque, power consumption.

Abstract:
Both high-shear and planetary mixers-granulators are routinely instrumented to measure and record various process variables, most commonly, impeller torque and motor power consumption. These variables provide information for end-point determination, reproducibility, and scale-up. Illustrated by several case studies, this article shows how to scale-up scientifically, using a dimensional analysis approach, and offers practical considerations for practitioners in the field of wet granulation.